Council for Ligurian Linguistic Heritage

Ligurian Council

DEIZE

Italian-Ligurian (Genoese) dictionary

ritrarre

tr. v.
  1. levare, distogliere

    arretiâ [areˈtjaː] (var. retiâ)1

    ho ritratto la mano appena ho sentito bruciare

    ò arretiou a man tòsto ch’ò sentio bruxâ

  2. raffigurare tramite ritratto

    retrae [reˈtraːe] (var. ritrae)2

    l’artista ritrae la musa

    l’artista o retrae a musa

  3. rappresentare

    retrae [reˈtraːe] (var. ritrae)2

    representâ [reprezeŋˈtaː] (var. rapresentâ)

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1. Prothesis of [a]- in verbs and nouns

In Genoese, the prothesis – that is, the addition in initial position – of a vowel [a]- is particularly frequent in many verbal forms. These verbs may therefore occur in double form, for example: arregordâ [areɡurˈdaː] ~ regordâ [reɡurˈdaː] “to remember”; addeuviâ [adøːˈvjaː] ~ deuviâ [døːˈvjaː] “to use”; allevâ [aleˈvaː] ~ levâ [leˈvaː] “to remove, take away”; ammiâ [aˈmjaː] ~ miâ [ˈmjaː] “to look”; arrecheugge [areˈkødʒˑe] ~ recheugge [reˈkødʒˑe] “to gather, collect”. Although this phenomenon may originally have had an intensifying function, in practice both forms—with or without the initial vowel—are equivalent and entail no difference in meaning. The phenomenon also affects some deverbal nouns, such as arregòrdo [areˈɡɔːrdu] ~ regòrdo [reˈɡɔːrdu] “memory”, allevamacce [ale(ː)vaˈmatʃˑe] ~ levamacce [ale(ː)vaˈmatʃˑe] “stain remover”, or arrecuggeita [arekyˈdʒejta] ~ recuggeita [rekyˈdʒejta] “collection”. In these cases as well, the two forms normally do not imply any difference in meaning. In DEIZE, forms with or without [a]- prothesis are lemmatized under the variant considered most frequent in general usage.

2. Prefixes de-, des- and re-

As reported by E. G. Parodi, Studj Liguri, in «Archivio glottologico italiano», xiv, 1896, the Genoese prefixes de-, des- and re- lost the -e- and adopted the -i- due to the influence of Italian. For many decades now indeed difende, discorrî, risponde, etc. have replaced defende, descorrî, responde, etc. in spoken language. The forms with -e- are, however, still widely attested in literary written language. In this dictionary, given its primarily didactic purposes (also aimed at recovering some of the more genuine forms, whenever they may interest users), only the forms with -e- are reported. The Italianized forms with -i- are nevertheless to be considered perfectly legitimate.

Conjugations

arretiâ

Indicative

Present

  1. mi arretio
  2. ti t’arretii
  3. lê o/a l’arretia
  4. niatri arretiemmo/arretiemo
  5. viatri arretiæ
  6. liatri arretian

Imperfect

  1. mi arretiava
  2. ti t’arretiavi
  3. lê o/a l’arretiava
  4. niatri arretiavimo
  5. viatri arretiavi
  6. liatri arretiavan

Future

  1. mi arretiò
  2. ti t’arretiæ
  3. lê o/a l’arretià
  4. niatri arretiemo
  5. viatri arretiei
  6. liatri arretian

Subjunctive

Present

  1. che mi arretie
  2. che ti t’arretii
  3. che lê o/a l’arretie
  4. che niatri arretiemmo/arretiemo
  5. che viatri arretiæ
  6. che liatri arretian

Imperfect

  1. che mi arretiesse
  2. che ti t’arretiesci
  3. che lê o/a l’arretiesse
  4. che niatri arretiescimo
  5. che viatri arretiesci
  6. che liatri arretiessan

Conditional

  1. mi arretieiva/arretiæ
  2. ti t’arretiësci
  3. lê o/a l’arretieiva/arretiæ
  4. niatri arretiëscimo
  5. viatri arretiësci
  6. liatri arretieivan/arretiæn

Imperative

  1. arretia ti!
  2. arretiemmo/arretiemo niatri!
  3. arretiæ viatri!

Past participle

  1. m. s. arretiou
  2. m. p. arretiæ
  3. f. s. arretiâ
  4. f. p. arretiæ

Gerund

  1. arretiando
representâ

Indicative

Present

  1. mi represento
  2. ti ti representi
  3. lê o/a representa
  4. niatri representemmo
  5. viatri representæ
  6. liatri representan

Imperfect

  1. mi representava
  2. ti ti representavi
  3. lê o/a representava
  4. niatri representavimo
  5. viatri representavi
  6. liatri representavan

Future

  1. mi representiò
  2. ti ti representiæ
  3. lê o/a representià
  4. niatri representiemo
  5. viatri representiei
  6. liatri representian

Subjunctive

Present

  1. che mi represente
  2. che ti ti representi
  3. che lê o/a represente
  4. che niatri representemmo
  5. che viatri representæ
  6. che liatri representan

Imperfect

  1. che mi representesse
  2. che ti ti representesci
  3. che lê o/a representesse
  4. che niatri representescimo
  5. che viatri representesci
  6. che liatri representessan

Conditional

  1. mi representieiva/representiæ
  2. ti ti representiësci
  3. lê o/a representieiva/representiæ
  4. niatri representiëscimo
  5. viatri representiësci
  6. liatri representieivan/representiæn

Imperative

  1. representa ti!
  2. representemmo niatri!
  3. representæ viatri!

Past participle

  1. m. s. representou
  2. m. p. representæ
  3. f. s. representâ
  4. f. p. representæ

Gerund

  1. representando
retrae

Indicative

Present

  1. mi retraggo
  2. ti ti retræ
  3. lê o/a retrà
  4. niatri retremmo
  5. viatri retræ
  6. liatri retran

Imperfect

  1. mi retrava
  2. ti ti retravi
  3. lê o/a retrava
  4. niatri retravimo
  5. viatri retravi
  6. liatri retravan

Future

  1. mi retraiò
  2. ti ti retraiæ
  3. lê o/a retraià
  4. niatri retraiemo
  5. viatri retraiei
  6. liatri retraian

Subjunctive

Present

  1. che mi retragghe
  2. che ti ti retragghi
  3. che lê o/a retragghe
  4. che niatri retremmo
  5. che viatri retræ
  6. che liatri retraggan

Imperfect

  1. che mi retresse
  2. che ti ti retresci
  3. che lê o/a retresse
  4. che niatri retrescimo
  5. che viatri retresci
  6. che liatri retressan

Conditional

  1. mi retraieiva/retraiæ
  2. ti ti retraiësci
  3. lê o/a retraieiva/retraiæ
  4. niatri retraiëscimo
  5. viatri retraiësci
  6. liatri retraieivan/retraiæn

Imperative

  1. retranni ti!
  2. retremmo niatri!
  3. retræ viatri!

Past participle

  1. m. s. retræto
  2. m. p. retræti
  3. f. s. retræta
  4. f. p. retræte

Gerund

  1. retrando